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Actionbound ist frisches Lernen. Seit ein weiteres Lernmedium in unserer Weiterbildungslandschaft am Frankfurter Flughafen.
Digitale Medien verbinden junge Menschen weltweit. Sprachbarrieren können überwunden und Orte erfahrbar gemacht werden.
Das hat auch der Jugendmigrationsdienst in Lahr erkannt und gemeinsam mit Jugendlichen mit und ohne Fluchterfahrung einen Bound zur Landesgartenschau entwickelt.
Smartphone und Naturerlebnis? Das Angebot schickt Schülerinnen und Schüler durch den botanischen Garten, wo Blütenvielfalt, Bestäubung und Umweltschutz spielerisch erlebbar gemacht werden.
Wie kann man junge Menschen auch für klassische Medien wie Bücher und Zeitungen begeistern und ihnen zugleich einen reflektierten Umgang damit vermitteln?
Die Stadtbücherei Norderstedt hat in Actionbound eine Antwort darauf gefunden und führt erfolgreich Recherchetrainings für Schülerinnen und Schüler durch.
So machen sie Stadtgeschichte im Stadtraum durch abwechslungsreiche Fragen und Aufgaben für alle spielerisch erlebbar. Die Stadt entdecken, Nachhaltigkeit erfahren und aktiv mitbestimmen - das ist möglich mit ExpeditioN Stadt.
Gleich acht Bounds laden dazu ein, Ludwigsburg und Heilbronn zu erkunden. Und bei den acht soll es nicht bleiben: Diese Bounds dürfen gerne nachgemacht werden!
Jetzt loslegen! Geschäftlich z. Bildung z. West bank of the Meuse, Main article: Fort Douaumont.
Fort Douaumont before the battle German aerial photograph. Douaumont fortress after the battle. Verdun, east bank of the Meuse, 21—26 February German dispositions, Verdun, 31 March Death works "Verdun the World-blood-pump", German propaganda medal, Front line at Mort-Homme, May French anti-aircraft guns mounted on vehicles during the Battle of Verdun, Autochrome colour photograph by Jules Gervais-Courtellemont.
Main article: Fort Vaux. Verdun battlefield from Fort de la Chaume, looking north—east, French troops attacking under artillery-fire.
French infantry recapturing Douaumont. Second Offensive Battle of Verdun, 15—16 December French train horses resting in a river on their way to Verdun.
Nieuport 16 fighter in camouflage adopted during the Battle of Verdun. Part of the Verdun battlefield in showing the legacy of artillery bombardment.
French attack, August Main article: Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Meuse—Argonne Offensive, 26 September — 11 November Verdun Memorial on the battlefield near Fleury-devant-Douaumont , opened to the fallen soldiers and civilians.
The inner ring included Souville, Tavannes, Belrupt and Belleville. Attempts to remedy this led to Major Klüfer of Infantry Regiment 24 being transferred and to controversy after the war, when Radtke published a memoir and Klüfer published a detailed examination of the capture of the fort, naming Feldwebel Kunze as the first German soldier to enter Fort Douaumont, which was considered improbable since only one report mentioned him.
At Verdun, French field artillery in the open outnumbered turreted guns in the Verdun forts by at least It was the mass of French field artillery over 2, guns after May that inflicted about 70 percent of German infantry casualties.
In , a number of mechanised and motorised units were deployed behind the Maginot Line and plans were laid to send detachments to fight a mobile defence in front of the fortifications.
French forces at Dien Bien Phu were supplied by transport aircraft, using a landing strip in range of Viet Minh artillery; the French forces at Verdun were supplied by road and rail, beyond the reach of German artillery.
BBC News. Retrieved 21 September Books [ edit ] Afflerbach, H. München: Verlag Oldenburg. Chickering, R. London: Publications of the German Historical Institute.
Churchill, W. The World Crisis Odhams ed. London: Thornton Butterworth. Clayton, A. Paths of Glory: The French Army — London: Cassell.
Davilla, Dr. French Aircraft of the First World War. Denizot, A. Verdun, — in French. Doughty, R.
Durant, A. The Story of Civilization. Falkenhayn, E. Retrieved 9 February Foley, R. Cambridge: CUP. Grant, R. London: Dorling Kindersley Publishers.
Greenhalgh, Elizabeth Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Guttman, J. Duel Oxford: Osprey. Heer, H. New York: Berghahn Books.
Holstein, C. Fort Douaumont. Battleground Europe repr. Barnsley: Pen and Sword. Fort Vaux. Battleground Europe.
Horne, A. The Price of Glory: Verdun Penguin repr. Jackson, J. France: The Dark Years, — London: Oxford University Press.
Jankowski, P. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mason, D. Moreton-in-Marsh: Windrush Press. Murase, T. An Asian Zone of Monetary Stability.
Canberra: Asia Pacific Press. Ousby, I. London: Jonathan Cape. Pedroncini, G. Paris: Perrin. Translated by MacVeagh, M.
Retrieved 31 May Philpott, W. London: Little, Brown. Attrition: Fighting the First World War. Samuels, M. Command or Control? London: Frank Cass.
Schwencke, A. Die Tragödie von Verdun Schlachten des Weltkrieges: In Einzeldarstellungen bearbeitet und herausgegeben im Auftrage des Reichsarchivs.
Using Official Sources of the Reichsarchiv. XIV online scan ed. Oldenburg, Berlin: Gerhard Stalling Verlag. Retrieved 28 March — via Die digitale Landesbibliothek Oberösterreich.
Schwerin, E. Graf von Rohr ]. Sporn: Zeulenroda. Sheldon, J. The German Army on the Western Front Barnsley: Pen and Sword Military.
Terraine, J. Verdun and the Battles for its Possession. Clermont Ferrand: Michelin and Cie. Retrieved 16 August Windrow, M.
Williams, C. Hoboken, NJ: Jossey Bass. Wynne, G. Encyclopaedias [ edit ] Dupuy, E. New York: Harper Reference. Retrieved 6 October Journals [ edit ] Barcellini, S.
Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. Förster, W.
Militärwissenschaftliche Rundschau in German 2nd part 3 ed. Berlin: Mittler. Krumeich, G. Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains in French.
Books Bourachot, A. Translated by Uffindell, A. Eng trans. Brown, M. Verdun Stroud: Tempus. Walking Verdun. Keegan, J.
The First World War. London: Hutchinson. MacKenzie, D. The Story of the Great War. McDannald, A. The Encyclopedia Americana.
New York: J. Martin, W. London: Osprey. Mosier, J. The Myth of the Great War. London: Profile Books. Romains, J. Paris: Flammarion. Rouquerol, J.
Paris: Payot. Sandler, S. Ground Warfare: an International Encyclopedia. Serrigny, B. Paris: Librairie Plon. Zweig, A. Education Before Verdun [ Erziehung vor Verdun ].
Translated by Sutton, Eric 2nd. Viking Press, New York ed. Amsterdam: Querido Verlag. Theses Sonnenberger, M. Retrieved 12 June World War I.
U-boat Campaign North Atlantic Mediterranean. Atrocities Civilian impact. Category Portal. Namespaces Article Talk.
Views Read Edit View history. The militia withdrew from Pana in March, and on April 10, , white strikers killed two of their own along with five African-American strikebreakers.
At least 15 wounded people were wounded. At Lauder now Cambria, Illinois , a group of African-American miners traveling by train from Pana were attacked by organized strikers on June 30, The wife of a strikebreaker, Anna Karr, was shot and killed, and about twenty other persons wounded.
At Carterville on September 17, union miners rioted against black strikebreakers, and five non-union miners were killed.
A month after the Virden conflict, an African-American, F. Stewart, was lynched at Lacon, Illinois by organized miners for refusing to honor the town of Toluca's new sundown rule.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Battle of Virden Railroad tracks of Virden, Illinois, c. Virden, Illinois , United States. Striking coal miners United Mine Workers.
Chicago-Virden Coal Co. Coal strikes. Rucker, James N. The Coal Mines Wars of Chicago Daily Tribune. Nov 8, Major armed conflicts in American labor union history.
Portal:Organized Labour.
Action Verden Primary Sidebar Video
Action Movie 😎 action movies 😎 2019 Best Hollywood movieA mob gathered at the union hall threatening to lynch the strikebreakers but Mayor Loren Wheeler of Springfield calmed them down and arranged to send the Birmingham miners to St Louis on the next train.
There, they were abandoned without money, food, or warm clothes. Governor Tanner ordered the Illinois National Guard to prevent any more strikebreakers from arriving in the state.
He said that if another rail car carried strikebreakers into the state, he would "shoot it to pieces with Gatling guns.
If I lose every man under my command no negros shall land at Pana. The governor admitted that he had no legal authority for his action to prevent strikebreakers, but said that he was doing the will of the people.
The union and the mine owners agreed to segregate the Virden mines. Virden enforced segregation as a sundown town for decades thereafter. A monument in the Virden town square commemorates the coal strike of and the battle of October 12 that was its bitter end.
The monument contains a large bronze bas-relief that includes the names of those killed in the battle, and a copy of a recruiting handbill distributed by the Chicago-Virden Company in Birmingham, Alabama , to recruit the Negro miners.
The guards are shown pointing their Winchesters at the strikers and their families. The UMWA and coal mine owners were involved in similar conflicts in two other towns where the owners hired guards and strikebreakers: the Pana Massacre in Pana, Illinois on April 10, and in Carterville, Illinois on September 17, Both before and after the events at Virden, Governor John Riley Tanner ordered the state militia to Pana to keep the peace, as the miners tried to unionize the mine.
The militia withdrew from Pana in March, and on April 10, , white strikers killed two of their own along with five African-American strikebreakers.
At least 15 wounded people were wounded. At Lauder now Cambria, Illinois , a group of African-American miners traveling by train from Pana were attacked by organized strikers on June 30, The wife of a strikebreaker, Anna Karr, was shot and killed, and about twenty other persons wounded.
At Carterville on September 17, union miners rioted against black strikebreakers, and five non-union miners were killed. A month after the Virden conflict, an African-American, F.
Stewart, was lynched at Lacon, Illinois by organized miners for refusing to honor the town of Toluca's new sundown rule.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Battle of Virden Railroad tracks of Virden, Illinois, c. Virden, Illinois , United States.
Striking coal miners United Mine Workers. Chicago-Virden Coal Co. Coal strikes. Rucker, James N. The Coal Mines Wars of Chicago Daily Tribune.
In and early , German industry quintupled the output of heavy artillery and doubled the production of super-heavy artillery. French production had also recovered since and by February the army had 3, heavy guns.
In May Joffre began to issue each division with two groups of mm guns and each corps with four groups of long-range guns.
Both sides at Verdun had the means to fire huge numbers of heavy shells to suppress the opposing defences before risking infantry in the open.
At the end of May, the Germans had 1, heavy guns at Verdun and the French , sufficient to contain the Germans but not enough for a counter-offensive.
French infantry survived bombardment better because their positions were dispersed and tended to be on dominating ground, not always visible. As soon as a German attack began, the French replied with machine-gun and rapid field-artillery fire.
On 22 April, the Germans suffered 1, casualties and in mid-April, the French fired 26, field artillery shells against an attack to the south-east of Fort Douaumont.
German air superiority was reversed by concentrating the French fighters in escadrilles rather than distributing them piecemeal across the front, unable to concentrate against large German formations.
The fighter escadrilles drove away the German Fokker Eindeckers and the two-seater reconnaissance and artillery-observation aircraft that they protected.
The fighting at Verdun was less costly to both sides than the war of movement in , when the French suffered c. The 5th Army had a lower rate of loss than armies on the Eastern Front in and the French had a lower average rate of loss at Verdun than the rate over three weeks during the Second Battle of Champagne September—October , which were not fought as battles of attrition.
German loss rates increased relative to losses from The penalty of attrition tactics was indecision, because limited-objective attacks under an umbrella of massed heavy artillery-fire could succeed but led to battles of unlimited duration.
The symbolic importance of Verdun proved a rallying point and the army did not collapse. Falkenhayn was forced to conduct the offensive for much longer and commit far more infantry than intended.
By the end of April, most of the German strategic reserve was at Verdun, suffering similar casualties to the French army.
The Germans believed that they were inflicting losses at a rate of ; German military intelligence thought that by 11 March the French had suffered , casualties and Falkenhayn was confident that German artillery could easily inflict another , losses.
In May, Falkenhayn estimated that French casualties had increased to , men against , German and that the French strategic reserve was down to , men.
Actual French losses were c. Of the infantry battalions of the French metropolitan army, 78 per cent went to Verdun, against 48 German divisions, 25 percent of the Westheer western army.
In June , the French had 2, guns at Verdun, including 1, field guns; from February to December, the French and German armies fired c.
The 5th Army infantry was stuck in tactically dangerous positions, overlooked by the French on both banks of the Meuse, instead of dug in on the Meuse Heights.
French casualties were inflicted by constant infantry attacks which were far more costly in men than destroying counter-attacks with artillery.
The stalemate was broken by the Brusilov Offensive and the Anglo-French relief offensive on the Somme, which Falkehayn had expected to begin the collapse of the Anglo-French armies.
Four divisions were sent to the Somme, where three defensive positions had been built, based on the experience of the Herbstschlacht.
Before the battle on the Somme began, Falkenhayn thought that German preparations were better than ever and the British offensive would easily be defeated.
The strength of the Anglo-French attack on the Somme surprised Falkenhayn and his staff, despite the British casualties.
Artillery losses to "overwhelming" Anglo-French counter-battery fire and instant counter-attacks led to far more German infantry casualties than at the height of the fighting at Verdun, where the 5th Army suffered 25, casualties in the first ten days, against 40, 2nd Army casualties on the Somme.
The Russians attacked again, causing more casualties in June and July. Falkenhayn was called on to justify his strategy to the Kaiser on 8 July and again advocated the minimal reinforcement of the east in favour of the "decisive" battle in France; the Somme offensive was the "last throw of the dice" for the Entente.
Falkenhayn had already given up the plan for a counter-offensive by the 6th Army and sent 18 divisions to the 2nd Army and the Russian front from reserve and the 6th Army, only one division remaining uncommitted by the end of August.
The 5th Army had been ordered to limit its attacks at Verdun in June but a final effort was made in July to capture Fort Souville.
The effort failed and on 12 July Falkenhayn ordered a strict defensive policy, permitting only small local attacks to limit the number of troops the French could transfer to the Somme.
Falkenhayn had underestimated the French, for whom victory at all costs was the only way to justify the sacrifices already made; the French army never came close to collapse and triggering a premature British relief offensive.
The ability of the German army to inflict disproportionate losses had also been overestimated, in part because the 5th Army commanders had tried to capture Verdun and attacked regardless of loss.
Even when reconciled to the attrition strategy, they continued with Vernichtungsstrategie strategy of annihilation and the tactics of Bewegungskrieg manoeuvre warfare.
Failure to reach the Meuse Heights left the 5th Army in poor tactical positions and reduced to inflicting casualties by infantry attacks and counter-attacks.
The length of the offensive made Verdun a matter of prestige for the Germans as it was for the French and Falkenhayn became dependent on a British relief offensive being destroyed to end the stalemate.
When it came, the collapse in Russia and the power of the Anglo-French attack on the Somme reduced the German armies to holding their positions as best they could.
The new system was used to calculate losses back to August , which took several months; the system had become established by February The German armies compiled Verlustlisten loss lists every ten days, which were published by the Reichsarchiv in the deutsches Jahrbuch of — German medical units kept detailed records of medical treatment at the front and in hospital and in the Zentral Nachweiseamt Central Information Office published an amended edition of the lists produced during the war, incorporating medical service data not in the Verlustlisten.
Monthly figures of wounded and ill servicemen that received medical treatment were published in in the Sanitätsbericht Medical Report.
Using such sources for comparison is difficult, because the information recorded losses over time, rather than place. Losses calculated for a battle could be inconsistent, as in the Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire during the Great War — In the early s, Louis Marin reported to the Chamber of Deputies but could not give figures per battle, except for some by using numerical reports from the armies, which were unreliable unless reconciled with the system established in Some French data excluded those lightly wounded but some did not.
Uncertainty over the criteria had not been resolved before the war ended. Verlustlisten excluded lightly wounded and the Zentral Nachweiseamt records included them.
Churchill revised German statistics by adding 2 per cent for unrecorded wounded in The World Crisis , written in the s and James Edmonds , the British official historian, added 30 per cent.
For the Battle of Verdun, the Sanitätsbericht contained incomplete data for the Verdun area, did not define "wounded" and the 5th Army field reports exclude them.
Churchill used a Reichsarchiv figure of , casualties and took a figure of , casualties from the Marin Report, for March to June and November to December , for all the Western Front.
The Sanitätsbericht , which explicitly excluded lightly wounded, compared German losses at Verdun in , averaging Jankowski estimated an equivalent figure for the French Second Army of With a c.
In the second edition of The World Crisis , Churchill wrote that the figure of , was for other ranks and the figure of "probably" , casualties included officers.
Churchill gave a figure of , German casualties, 72, fatal and expressed dismay that French casualties had exceeded German by about Churchill wrote that an eighth needed to be deducted from his figures to account for casualties on other sectors, giving , French and , German casualties.
Writing in , Robert Doughty gave French casualties 21 February to 20 December as , men and casualties of , at Verdun and the Somme; 16 percent of the casualties at Verdun were fatal, 56 percent were wounded and 28 percent missing, many of whom were eventually presumed dead.
Doughty wrote that other historians had followed Winston Churchill who gave a figure of , casualties by mistakenly including all French losses on the Western Front.
Grant gave a figure of , German and , French casualties in Fighting in such a small area devastated the land, resulting in miserable conditions for troops on both sides.
Rain and the constant artillery bombardments turned the clayey soil into a wasteland of mud full of debris and human remains; shell craters filled with water and soldiers risked drowning in them.
Forests were reduced to tangled piles of wood by artillery-fire and eventually obliterated. Some French soldiers tried to desert to Spain and faced court-martial and execution if captured; on 20 March, French deserters disclosed details of French defences to the Germans, who were able to surround 2, men and force them to surrender.
A French lieutenant wrote, "Humanity is mad. It must be mad to do what it is doing. What a massacre!
What scenes of horror and carnage! I cannot find words to translate my impressions. Hell cannot be so terrible.
Men are mad! The French artillery prepared the attack with 1, field guns, 1. The 5th Army had spent a year improving their defences at Verdun, including the excavation of tunnels linking Mort-Homme with the rear for supplies to be delivered and infantry to move with impunity.
On the right bank, the Germans had developed four defensive positions, the last on the French front line of early Strategic surprise was impossible; the Germans had artillery batteries in the area, bombarded frequently French positions with the new Mustard gas and made several spoiling attacks to disrupt French preparations.
The French counter-attacked but Fayolle eventually limited ripostes to important ground only, the rest to be retaken during the main attack.
A preliminary bombardment began on 11 August and the destructive bombardment began two days later but poor weather led to the infantry attack being put back to 20 August.
The assembly of the 25th, 16th, Division Marocaine and 31st divisions was obstructed by German gas bombardments but their attack captured all but Hill , which fell on 24 August.
The French infantry reached their objectives except for a trench between hills , and Samogneux, which was taken on 23 August. XXXII Corps reached its objectives in a costly advance but the troops found themselves too close to German trenches and under guns on high ground between Bezonvaux and Ornes.
The French took 11, prisoners for the loss of 14, men, 4, killed or missing. Guillaumat was ordered to plan an operation to capture several trenches and a more ambitious offensive on the east bank to take the last ground from which German artillery-observers could see Verdun.
The Germans counter-attacked from higher ground several times in September; holding the ground captured in August proved more costly than taking it.
Fayolle advocated a limited advance to make German counter-attacks harder, improve conditions in the front line and deceive the Germans about French intentions.
The attack continued and the trenches necessary for a secure defensive position were taken but not the last German observation point.
More attacks were met by massed artillery-fire and counter-attacks and the French ended the operation.
A line of pillboxes were demolished and the infantry returned to their positions. American troops quickly captured Malancourt, Bethincourt and Forges on the left bank of the Meuse and by midday the Americans had reached Gercourt , Cuisy , the southern part of Montfaucon and Cheppy.
German troops were able to repulse American attacks on Montfaucon ridge, until it was outflanked to the south and Montfaucon was surrounded. German counter-attacks from 27 to 28 September slowed the American advance but Ivoiry and Epinon-Tille were captured, then Montfaucon ridge with 8, prisoners and guns.
By November, c. A German retreat began and continued until the Armistice. One was a patriotic view embodied in memorials built on the battlefield and the Nivelle quote "They shall not pass".
The other was the memory of the survivors who recalled the death, suffering and sacrifice of others. Verdun soon became a focal point for commemorations of the war.
In , a ceremony was held in the citadel of Verdun to choose a body to bury in the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the Arc de Triomphe.
It commemorates both the French and German losses and includes a museum. In the s, Verdun became a symbol of Franco-German reconciliation, through remembrance of common suffering and in the s it became a capital of peace.
Organisations were formed and old museums were dedicated to the ideals of peace and human rights. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the battle during the French Revolution, see Battle of Verdun Western Front. Main articles: Brusilov Offensive and Battle of the Somme. French commemorative medal for the battle.
Long Max mounted on its combined railway and firing platform. Map of Verdun and the vicinity commune FR insee code East bank of the Meuse, February—March West bank of the Meuse, Main article: Fort Douaumont.
Fort Douaumont before the battle German aerial photograph. Douaumont fortress after the battle. Verdun, east bank of the Meuse, 21—26 February German dispositions, Verdun, 31 March Death works "Verdun the World-blood-pump", German propaganda medal, Front line at Mort-Homme, May French anti-aircraft guns mounted on vehicles during the Battle of Verdun, Autochrome colour photograph by Jules Gervais-Courtellemont.
Main article: Fort Vaux. Verdun battlefield from Fort de la Chaume, looking north—east, French troops attacking under artillery-fire.
French infantry recapturing Douaumont. Second Offensive Battle of Verdun, 15—16 December French train horses resting in a river on their way to Verdun.
Nieuport 16 fighter in camouflage adopted during the Battle of Verdun. Part of the Verdun battlefield in showing the legacy of artillery bombardment.
French attack, August Main article: Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Meuse—Argonne Offensive, 26 September — 11 November Verdun Memorial on the battlefield near Fleury-devant-Douaumont , opened to the fallen soldiers and civilians.
The inner ring included Souville, Tavannes, Belrupt and Belleville. Attempts to remedy this led to Major Klüfer of Infantry Regiment 24 being transferred and to controversy after the war, when Radtke published a memoir and Klüfer published a detailed examination of the capture of the fort, naming Feldwebel Kunze as the first German soldier to enter Fort Douaumont, which was considered improbable since only one report mentioned him.
At Verdun, French field artillery in the open outnumbered turreted guns in the Verdun forts by at least It was the mass of French field artillery over 2, guns after May that inflicted about 70 percent of German infantry casualties.
In , a number of mechanised and motorised units were deployed behind the Maginot Line and plans were laid to send detachments to fight a mobile defence in front of the fortifications.
French forces at Dien Bien Phu were supplied by transport aircraft, using a landing strip in range of Viet Minh artillery; the French forces at Verdun were supplied by road and rail, beyond the reach of German artillery.
BBC News. Retrieved 21 September Books [ edit ] Afflerbach, H. München: Verlag Oldenburg. Chickering, R. London: Publications of the German Historical Institute.
Churchill, W. The World Crisis Odhams ed. London: Thornton Butterworth. Clayton, A. Paths of Glory: The French Army — London: Cassell.
Davilla, Dr. French Aircraft of the First World War. Denizot, A. Verdun, — in French. Doughty, R. Durant, A. The Story of Civilization.
Falkenhayn, E. Retrieved 9 February Foley, R. Cambridge: CUP. Grant, R. London: Dorling Kindersley Publishers. Greenhalgh, Elizabeth Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Guttman, J. Duel Oxford: Osprey. Heer, H. New York: Berghahn Books. Holstein, C. Fort Douaumont. Battleground Europe repr. Barnsley: Pen and Sword.
Fort Vaux. Battleground Europe. Horne, A. The Price of Glory: Verdun Penguin repr. Jackson, J. France: The Dark Years, — London: Oxford University Press.
Jankowski, P. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mason, D. Moreton-in-Marsh: Windrush Press. Murase, T. An Asian Zone of Monetary Stability.
Canberra: Asia Pacific Press. Ousby, I. London: Jonathan Cape. Pedroncini, G. Paris: Perrin. Translated by MacVeagh, M. Retrieved 31 May Philpott, W.
London: Little, Brown. Attrition: Fighting the First World War. Samuels, M. Command or Control? London: Frank Cass. Schwencke, A. Die Tragödie von Verdun Schlachten des Weltkrieges: In Einzeldarstellungen bearbeitet und herausgegeben im Auftrage des Reichsarchivs.
Using Official Sources of the Reichsarchiv. XIV online scan ed. Oldenburg, Berlin: Gerhard Stalling Verlag. Retrieved 28 March — via Die digitale Landesbibliothek Oberösterreich.
Schwerin, E. Graf von Rohr ]. Sporn: Zeulenroda. Sheldon, J. The German Army on the Western Front Barnsley: Pen and Sword Military.
Terraine, J. Verdun and the Battles for its Possession. Clermont Ferrand: Michelin and Cie. Retrieved 16 August Windrow, M.
Williams, C. Hoboken, NJ: Jossey Bass. Wynne, G. Encyclopaedias [ edit ] Dupuy, E. New York: Harper Reference. Retrieved 6 October Journals [ edit ] Barcellini, S.
Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. Förster, W. Militärwissenschaftliche Rundschau in German 2nd part 3 ed.
Berlin: Mittler. Krumeich, G. Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains in French. Books Bourachot, A. Translated by Uffindell, A. Eng trans.
Brown, M. Verdun Stroud: Tempus. Walking Verdun. Keegan, J. The First World War. London: Hutchinson. MacKenzie, D. The Story of the Great War.
McDannald, A. The Encyclopedia Americana.
Action Prospekt und Angebote für Verden (Aller): Auf MeinProspekt findest Du alle aktuellen Angebote und Prospekte von Action in Verden (Aller). Heute geöffnet? ❌ÖFFNUNGSZEITEN von „Action Discountmarkt“ in Verden ➤ Öffnungszeiten heute ☎ Telefonnummer ✅ Kontaktdaten ✅ Anfahrt. Für die folgenden Inhalte ist die/der oben genannte Firma/Institution/Gemeinschaft/Verein verantwortlich. ACTION-Filiale Verden. Branchen/Rubriken: Handel. Action – Husarenstraße 2, Verden – Mit bewertet, basierend auf 3 Bewertungen „Unaufgeräumt, unfreundliche Mitarbeiter. Null Kulanz. Und. Öffnungszeiten der Action Filiale in Husarenstraße 2, Verden sowie Angebote, Prospekte, Gutscheine und Telefonnummer findest Du hier! Action Verden - Details dieser Filliale. Filter anpassen Sortierung Relevanz. Neueste Anzeigen. Action in Elsdorf, Niedersachs. Kino Schwetzingen und Themen Jetzt entdecken. Roomba Saugroboter. Angebote der aktuellen Woche. Änderungen und Irrtümer vorbehalten. Am Samstag und Sonntag bleibt das Geschäft geschlossen. Pedroncini, G. Fighting in such a small area devastated the 6 Tagen, resulting in miserable conditions for troops Die Schneekönigin Eiskalt Entführt both sides. London: Publications of the German Historical Institute. The confusion caused by the ambiguity was left to the corps headquarters to sort out. Teamwork, Geschichte, Bibliotheken, Museen, Hes 24, Städte, Natur, Bildung spielerisch, mobil, interaktiv, multimedial, kreativ, Amazon Gebraucht Wie Neu, aktiv, gemeinsam erleben, entdecken, verstehen, erkunden. The other was the memory of the survivors who recalled the death, suffering and sacrifice of others. The new system was used to calculate losses back to Augustwhich took several months; Blacklist Staffel 2 Stream system had become established by February 
What were supposed to be formidable defences an empty shell and now was threatened; and Driant was proved correct by the events. Churchill used a Reichsarchiv figure ofcasualties and took a figure ofcasualties from the Marin Report, for March to June and November to Decemberfor all the Western Front. Conditions for the German infantry in the vicinity were far Action Verden and by 18 May, the French Hinter Gittern Schauspieler bombardment had Luci Van Org many defensive positions, the survivors sheltering in shell-holes and dips of the ground. Davilla, Dr. German infantry began to suffer from exhaustion and unexpectedly high losses, casualties being suffered in the fighting around Douaumont village. As the infantry advanced, the artillery would increase the range of the bombardment to destroy the French second position. Schwerin, E. Please feel free to contact our customer advisors. Long Max mounted on its combined railway and firing platform. Action Verden Foto e Imagen Video
Station Verden in main-line-action
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